A comparison of the United States Constitution And The...

Introduction The United States Constitution and The Declaration of Independence are two of America s most famous documents that laid the foundation for it s independence as a nation and separation from British rule. The following paper will compare these two documents and decipher the difference of the two. While both Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution contain important information regarding America s independence they are also different in many respects. Drafted by Thomas Jefferson, the Declaration of is Independence one of the nation s most cherished symbols of liberty and Thomas Jefferson s most enduring monument. Each colony sent delegates to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1774 to form the First†¦show more content†¦This is why it is commonly called the supreme law of the land. The purpose of the government is found in the Preamble and for the government to be successful; the Founding Fathers established three main principles on which our Government is based: 1.Inherent rights -- rights that anyone living in America has 2.Self government -- government by the people 3.Separation of powers -- branches with different powers The UnitedShow MoreRelatedComparing The Declaration Of Independence926 Words   |  4 PagesCOMPARISON PAPER 2 The US Constitution, The Declaration of Independence as well as the Letter to the Danbury Baptist are not just historical documents, but are some of if not the most important documents of the history of our nation. Although, similar in many facets the intentions and the goal pursued by each highlight their individuality. The fact that the Declaration of Independence wasRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And Independence969 Words   |  4 PagesThe US Constitution, The Declaration of Independence as well as the Letter to the Danbury Baptist are not just historical documents, but some of if not the most important documents of the history of our nation. Although, similar in many facets the intentions and the goal pursued by each highlight their individuality. 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Developed Countries Have a Responsibility to Give Aid Free Essays

Developed countries have a responsibility to give aid to developing countries because immigration issues can be reduced by educational and healthcare assistanceEssay Developed countries have a responsibility to give aid to developing countries because immigration issues can be reduced by educational and healthcare assistance Have you ever wondered whether developed countries have a responsibility to assist developing countries or not, and what is the negative impact for developed countries if they do not help other developing countries? People in developing countries suffer from financial, economical, educational and healthcare problems. Consequently, these problems make their life more difficult and reduce standards of living such as lack of education and poor level of healthcare. As a result, those difficulties are leading them to emigrate by legal or illegal methods to other countries especially to developed countries where they can find a better life. We will write a custom essay sample on Developed Countries Have a Responsibility to Give Aid or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, Canada is one of the most developed countries which many immigrants and refugees are trying to enter and reside. In addition, it welcomed approximately 12,098 refugees in 2010 (â€Å"Citizenship and immigration Canada media†, 2011). The case of Canada is an example of how refugees can cause a strain on developed countries. To reduce the number of refugees, developed countries must provide educational and healthcare assistance for developing countries which suffer from low standards of living, poor education and low quality health care. Education and healthcare are the most important factors which contribute to the development process for developing countries. Education become a necessity because it helps people to develop their life, society and country by improving their learning and practicing skills (The Center for Global Development, 2006). Low quality of education is a common problem in developing countries (Kremer M. Holla A. , 2008, P. 2). It refers to fewer numbers of schools, teachers and textbooks which reduce people’s chances to be educated, especially in large population countries (Kremer M. ; Holla A. , 2008, P. 14). Moreover, the weakness of educational policies and evaluations leads to weak educational programs and contexts which result in low students’ achievement (Bonuti S. , 2012, P. 5). Healthcare is another essential factor of developing for underdeveloped countries to have a healthy society through limiting different disease as much as possible. Healthcare problems create other difficulties for developing nations. One difficulty is weakness of healthcare system such as referral system leads to have a low quantity of providing health for people (Chudi I. P. , 2010, P. 11). Also, low quality of healthcare may result from poor planning for health programs which need more appropriate policies (Thomas V. , 2009, P. 2). Limitations of health education programs and small number of healthcare centers and specialists are other problems which cause a poor healthcare (Thomas V. , 2009, P. 2). Those complications make life more difficult and many of them are trying to immigrate by legal or illegal methods to urban nations which have better facilities. These difficulties can be reduced by developed countries which can provide educational aid to enhance the standards of living for underdeveloped populations. Developed countries can increase the quality of education of underdeveloped nations by increasing the number of schools and inputs, improving teaching methods through training courses and enhancing teachers motivations (Kremer M. amp; Holla A. , 2008, P. 14). In addition, strengthening programs can be done by refining and creating developed educational policies which are needed for higher learning and increasing student’s participation and research (Bonuti S. , 2012, P. 8). Moreover, educational process can be enhanced by increasing the number of organizations and foundations such as the Hewlett Foundation, which has many programs and goals to solve global educati onal problems for developing countries (Hewlett Foundation, 2011). Healthcare services also can be improved through increasing the number of medical centers and specialists and raising awareness about the importance of health for people (Chudi I. P. , 2010, P. 11). Additionally, Chudi suggests that â€Å"developed countries should provide necessary technological and financial assistance to the developing countries, conduct more research on public health problems of developing countries and improve their public health service capacity† (Chudi I. P. , 2010, P. 11). Those methods may raise the quality and quantity of healthcare, resulting in having healthy communities. Therefore, definition of aid should be expanded to include items such as improving policies, and not only concentrate on giving financial aid, such as Official Development Assistance (ODA) to underdeveloped nations. (Schmitz G. , Pistor M. and Furi M. , 2003). These two main issues – education and healthcare – if provided, can influence a major problem for both developing and developed countries. These essential issues for developed nations are to avoid and reduce immigration issues which cause serious problems. For example, Vermaat states that† Each year, more than 240,000 illegal African immigrants are entering Europe. (Vermaat E. , 2010, P. 3). This excessive and unexpected number of immigrants causes security, stability and political problems for urban nations such as raising the rate of crimes in the society (Vermaat E. , 2010, P. 13). Additionally, Vermaat shows that† the mass movement of people around the world had brought new levels of organized crim e, with drug dealing, gun offenses, prostitution and kidnapping† (Vermaat E. , 2010, P. 21). Furthermore, illegal immigrants and refugees can transfer some cultural traditions such as female genital mutilation and polygamy that cause social problems in civilized cities (Vermaat E. 2010, P. 21). In addition, some dangerous infectious diseases such as HIV infection can be transmitted by some refugees who immigrate from less healthy areas to developed areas which mean the number of diseases will increase (Vermaat E. , 2010, P. 21). So, those problems oblige developed nations to help other underdeveloped countries to minimize and avoid those risks as much as possible. To conclude, developed nations can decrease the number of immigrants and refugees by giving essential aid such as education and healthcare for underdeveloped nations which suffer from low standards of living. The weakness of education and healthcare programs in developing countries cause many difficulties for people which results in thinking to move out of the country toward urban nations to find a better life. Furthermore, assistance from developed countries should concentrate on improving main policies, programs and methods of education and healthcare not only on providing financial aid. Also, increasing and creating more national and international organizations and foundations will facilitate the development process for developing countries and reduce the rate of immigration problems. So, developed nations should provide these assistance to avoid and reduce political, security and health problems which result from illegal immigrants and refugees. References Bonuti S. (2012). The Quality of Higher Education in Developing Countries Needs Professional Support. (1 – 10). Retrieved from http://www. intconfhighered. org/FINAL%20Sarah%20Bunoti. pdf Chudi I. P. (2010). Healthcare problems in developing countries. Medical Practice and Reviews. Vol. 1(1), pp. 9-11. Retrieved from http://www. academicjournals. org/mpr Citizenship and Immigration Canada Media. (2011, February 13). Canada welcomes highest number of legal immigrants in 50 years while taking action to maintain the integrity of Canada’s immigration system. Retrieved from http://www. cic. gc. ca/english/department/media/releases/2011/2011-02-13. asp Hewlett Foundation (2011). Quality Education in Developing Countries. Retrieved from http://www. hewlett. org/programs/global-development-program/quality-education-in-developing-countries Kremer M. and Holla A. (2008). Improving Education in the Developing World: What Have We Learned From Randomized Evaluations? World Bank’s Commission on Growth and Development (1 – 49). Retrieved from http://www. conomics. harvard. edu/faculty/kremer/files/Annual_Review_081110%20-%20NO%20TRACK%20CHANGES. pdf Schmitz G. , Pistor M. Furi M. (2003). Aid to developing countries. Political and Social Affairs Division. Retrieved from http://publications. gc. ca/Collection-R/LoPBdP/CIR/7916-e. htm The Center for Global Development. (2006). Education and the developing world. Independent research and practical ideas for global prosperity. Retrieved from http://www. cgdev. org/files/2844_file_EDUCATON1. pdf Thomas V. (2009). Health care in developing countries- Need for finance, education or both? Calicut Medical Journal; 7(1): l. 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John Rawls and Utilitarianism Essay Example For Students

John Rawls and Utilitarianism Essay John Rawls and UtilitarianismHeath C. HoculockThe social contract theory of John Rawls challenges utilitarianism bypointing out the impracticality of the theory. Mainly, in a society ofutilitarians, a citizens rights could be completely ignored if injustice to thisone citizen would benefit the rest of society. Rawls believes that a socialcontract theory, similar those proposed by Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau, would bea more logical solution to the question of fairness in any government. Socialcontract theory in general and including the views of Rawls, is such that in asituation where a society is established of people who are self interested,rational, and equal, the rules of justice are established by what is mutuallyacceptable and agreed upon by all the people therein. This scenario ofnegotiating the laws of that society that will be commonly agreed upon andbeneficial to all is what Rawls terms The Original Position and Justification. Rawls states that for this system to work, all citizens must see themselves asbeing behind a veil of ignorance. By this he means that all deciding partiesin establishing the guidelines of justice (all citizens) must see themselves asequal to everyone paying no mind to there economic situation or anything elsethat they could keep in mind to negotiate a better situation to those qualities. For example, if everyone in this society has an equal amount of influence towardthe establishing of specific laws, a rich man may propose that taxes should beequal for all rather than proportionate to ones assets. It is for this andsimilar situations that Rawls feels that everyone must become oblivious tothemselves. Rawls believes that the foundational guideline agreed upon by thethose in the original position will be composed of two parts. The first ofthese rules of justice being one that enforces equal rights and duties for allcitizens and the later of the two one which regulates the powers and wealth ofall citizens. In the conception of utilitarianism possessed by Rawls, an impartialspectator and ideal legislator are necessary components. The impartialspectator is one who rational and sensitive to all of the desires of society. The impartial spectator must feel these desires as if they were his own desiresand by doing such, give each of them priority over other desires and organizethem into one system from which the ideal legislator tries to maximizesatisfaction for all citizens by manipulating and adjusting the policy for thatsociety. By this theory of utilitarianism, Rawls argues that the decisionmaking process is being integrated into one conscience and that this systemgives no mind to the individual whose rights and freedoms may be ignored becausethere beliefs are not widespread. He goes on to say Utilitarianism does nottake seriously the distinction between persons(Singer p. 339). Rawls argues that two principles of justice will emerge from thenegotiations of the original position: 1.each person is to have an equal rightto the most extensive basic liberty compatible with a similar liberty for others,2.social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are both (a)reasonably expected to be everyones advantage, and (b) attached to thepositions and offices open to all. The first of these two principles suggeststhat everyone have an equal say in the election of a government official andequal power over the policies put into effect by that official. However, thesecond seems to suggest that if it benefits society, then inequalities ofpolitical power are acceptable. Although somewhat contradictory, this seemsreasonable since getting the opinions of everyone every time an issue arosewould be, to say the least, inefficient. According to Rawls, justice asfairness is far more acceptable than utilitarianism. An example taken from TheEncyclopedia of Political Philosophy explains two situations, one acceptable byRawls and the other acceptable under utilitarianism. The first states thatslavery, (if beneficial to the slave as well as everyone else), is indeedacceptable according to Rawls. The second states that under utilitarianism, aslaves misery would not matter since overall satisfaction is increased. It isjust this reasoning that Rawls proves his theories superior. Rawls feels thatutilitarianism does not take into account the individual and pays too much mindto the general happiness. Rawls argues that in this case everyone would bebetter off with his social contract theory rather than utilitarianism sinceunder his theory general happiness would still be increased, but at the expenseof no one or few. Rawls believes that the happiness of many may indeed outweigh the happiness of the few, but to govern by this would be unfair and unjust. Australian Sports EssayUpon first exploring the original position of Rawls, one may find asituation that closely resembles the governing body of the United States whichhas proved to be successful and strong for a very long time, but as you readinto the theories of Rawls, it becomes a philosophy that resembles that ofMarxism. By this I mean that the difference principle of Rawls seems to besimilar to the redistribution of wealth that took place years ago in China. Marxists in China thought it better to put the power in the proletariat and takeaway from the upper class and scholarly. This is similar to the differenceprinciple defined by Rawls. At the time, for most of China, this seemed like agood idea that would put everyone on an equal level. As we all know, thissystem was, to say the least, very volatile and eventually failed. On the otherhand, In the U.S., a system that allows one to posses wealth that is self madeand some of what is inherited, has proved to be very successful. Our system ofgovernment resembles the theories of Rawls in the way that for the most part,wealth that is inherited is redistributed. This can be better explained byexamining a situation where a person generates wealth from hard work. Someonewho gains wealth on their own is entitled to there wealth as long as they cameabout it honestly according to Nozick. This seems to be the case with our ownlaws and guidelines of society. When this same person passes on and passest heir wealth on to the bequeathed, a portion of the estate goes to whomever thepassing arranged for. The rest however (a very sizable portion in fact) getsredistributed through taxes and subsequently public services. This instancewould appeal to Rawls. So it seems that the most practical out come is ahybrid of two philosophies. I agree with the original position proposed byRawls and that the parties involved would eventually come to a mutuallybeneficial social contract. However, I must agree with Nozick that Rawls failsto examine the true fairness of his theories. If Rawls were to consider, asNozick states, the manner in which assets were acquired, and then use thisconcept to further define his second principle of justice, then he would surlybe open to far less criticism.